Japan HR Glossary
The words that run the market
Japanese employment, hiring and HR terms, explained for the people who hire in Japan from outside it. What each one means, the rule behind it, and what it changes for a foreign employer.
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Decisions and culture
- Bonenkai 忘年会The year-end party, literally a gathering to forget the year
- Chorei 朝礼The morning briefing held at the start of the working day
- Deru kui wa utareru 出る杭は打たれるThe nail that sticks up gets hammered down
- Eigo baka 英語バカSomeone whose fluent English outruns their ability in the job
- Gaman 我慢Enduring hardship with patience and without complaint
- Genba 現場The actual place where the work is done: the factory floor, the shop, the site
- Hansei 反省Self-reflection that acknowledges what went wrong and commits to doing better
- Honne and tatemae 本音と建前What someone really thinks, and the position they present in public
- Horenso 報連相Report, inform, consult: the Japanese rule for keeping your manager in the loop
- Kaizen 改善Continuous improvement through small, frequent changes made by the people doing the work
- Keigo 敬語The Japanese system of honorific and polite language
- Kuuki wo yomu 空気を読むReading the air: sensing what a group expects without being told
- Meishi 名刺The business card, and the etiquette of exchanging it
- Nemawashi 根回しBuilding agreement one conversation at a time, before the meeting
- Nomikai 飲み会An after-work drinking session with colleagues
- Ochugen and oseibo お中元・お歳暮The summer and year-end gifts sent to clients, partners and people you owe thanks
- Ringi 稟議Approval by a proposal document that circulates for sign-off
- Senpai and kohai 先輩・後輩Seniors and juniors: the hierarchy based on who joined first
- Sontaku 忖度Anticipating what a superior wants and acting on it without being told
- Uchi and soto 内と外Inside and outside: the line between your own group and everyone else
- Wa 和Harmony: the value placed on keeping a group working smoothly together
Titles and governance
- Branch office 支店A registered branch of a foreign company, not a separate legal entity
- Bucho 部長Department head, the general manager level in a Japanese company
- Corporate Governance Code コーポレートガバナンス・コードThe Tokyo Stock Exchange's comply-or-explain code for listed companies
- Director remuneration 役員報酬Pay for directors and statutory officers, set by shareholders and shaped by tax rules
- Godo kaisha (GK) 合同会社Japan's limited liability company, owned and run by its members
- Honbucho 本部長Division head, above the department heads and often an executive officer
- Japanese job titles 役職The ladder of Japanese corporate titles, from supervisor to chairman
- Jicho 次長Deputy department head, the step between kacho and bucho
- Jomu 常務Managing director or managing executive officer, a mid-ranking executive
- Kabushiki kaisha (KK) 株式会社The Japanese joint-stock company, the standard corporate form
- Kacho 課長Section manager, usually the first management rank
- Kaicho 会長Chairman, usually a former president who has moved up
- Kakaricho 係長Chief or supervisor of a small team, the rank below kacho
- Kansayaku 監査役Statutory auditor, a company officer who audits how directors run the company
- Outside director 社外取締役A board director with no current or recent executive tie to the company or its parent
- Representative director 代表取締役The director with legal authority to act for and bind the company
- Senmu 専務Senior managing director or senior managing executive officer, a rank just below the top
- Shacho 社長President, normally the chief executive of a Japanese company
- Shareholders' meeting 株主総会The general meeting of shareholders, the top decision-making body of a Japanese company
- Shikko yakuin 執行役員Executive officer, a senior executive title that is not a board seat
- Shikkoyaku 執行役A statutory executive officer at a company with nomination, audit and remuneration committees
- Shunin 主任Senior staff member or team lead, the first title above rank-and-file
- Torishimariyaku 取締役A statutory company director, a member of the board
Hiring
- Aptitude test (SPI) 適性検査The standardised ability and personality tests most Japanese employers use to screen applicants
- Chuto saiyo 中途採用Mid-career hiring
- Contingency searchRecruitment paid only when a hire is made
- Daini shinsotsu 第二新卒Second new graduates: young people who left their first job within about three years
- Direct recruiting ダイレクトリクルーティングEmployers finding and approaching candidates themselves through databases and scout services
- Double filterThe two sets of decision-makers a Japan hire must satisfy, who screen for different things
- Fair recruitment screening 公正採用選考The government's rules and guidance on what employers may ask and collect when hiring
- Gaishikei 外資系A foreign-affiliated company in Japan
- Gakureki 学歴Educational background, and above all which university someone attended
- Headhunting ヘッドハンティングApproaching people who are employed and not looking, on behalf of an employer
- Hello Work ハローワークJapan's public employment service
- Hidden bilingualAn English-capable professional inside a Japanese company who never appears in a keyword search
- Internship recruitment インターンシップStudent internships, which since the 2025 graduating cohort can formally feed graduate selection
- Ishi no ue ni mo sannen 石の上にも三年Three years on a cold rock: the proverb behind Japan's tenure expectations
- Jinzai shokai 人材紹介Fee-charging placement by a licensed recruitment agency
- Job-change sites 転職サイトOnline job boards for experienced hires, where candidates search and apply
- Job-to-applicant ratio 有効求人倍率Open vacancies per active job seeker registered at Hello Work
- Kyujin hyo 求人票The job posting form, setting out a vacancy's duties and working conditions
- Labour conditions notice 労働条件通知書The written statement of employment terms every employer must give on hiring
- Nainaitei 内々定An informal job offer made before the formal offer date
- Naitei 内定A job offer, which in Japan already creates an employment contract
- New employee training 新入社員研修The induction programme for the new graduate cohort, held before department assignment
- Nikkei kigyo 日系企業A Japanese company, as opposed to a foreign-affiliated one
- Nyushashiki 入社式The company entrance ceremony for the new graduate intake, usually on 1 April
- OB/OG visit OB・OG訪問A student's informal meeting with an alumnus or alumna working at a target company
- Passive candidateSomeone not looking for a job who would still talk to a trusted contact about the right move
- Pre-closeTesting the offer with the candidate before it is formally made
- Probation 試用期間The trial period at the start of employment
- Referral hiring リファラル採用Hiring through recommendations from current employees
- Retained searchExecutive search paid partly in advance for an exclusive assignment
- Rirekisho 履歴書The standard Japanese résumé form
- Scout mail スカウトメールA direct approach sent to a candidate through a Japanese job database
- Shinsotsu ikkatsu saiyo 新卒一括採用Mass hiring of new graduates, who all start on 1 April
- Shokumu keirekisho 職務経歴書The career history document that mid-career candidates submit
- Shukatsu 就活The job-hunting season university students go through before graduating
Employment types
- Arubaito アルバイトCasual part-time work, typically by students and young people
- Five-year conversion rule 無期転換ルールA fixed-term employee's right to an open-ended contract after five years
- Fukugyo 副業A side job held alongside a main job
- Gyomu itaku 業務委託A service or outsourcing contract with a business or individual who is not an employee
- Haken 派遣Agency work, where a dispatch agency employs the worker and the client directs them
- Job-based employment ジョブ型雇用Hiring and paying people for a defined job, rather than for membership of the company
- Keiyaku shain 契約社員An employee on a fixed-term contract
- Limited regular employee 限定正社員A regular employee whose location, job or hours are limited by agreement
- Muki koyo shain 無期雇用社員An employee on an open-ended contract who is not treated as seishain, typically after conversion
- Non-regular employment 非正規雇用Every form of employment outside seishain status: part-time, contract, dispatched and others
- Paato パートタイマーA part-time worker, the largest group of non-regular employees
- Seishain 正社員A regular employee: open-ended contract, full time, hired directly
- Shokutaku shain 嘱託社員A non-regular employee on special terms, most often a retiree re-employed after 60
- Sogoshoku 総合職The career track for staff expected to rotate, relocate and rise into management
- Temp-to-perm dispatch 紹介予定派遣Agency dispatch with a planned move to direct hire, used as an extended trial
Foreign talent
- Business Manager visa 経営・管理The residence status for foreign nationals who run or manage a business in Japan
- Change of status of residence 在留資格変更Permission to switch from one residence status to another without leaving Japan
- Dependent visa 家族滞在The residence status for the spouse and children of a foreign worker or student in Japan
- Designated Activities 特定活動The catch-all residence status whose permitted activities are set individually for each holder
- Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services visa 技術・人文知識・国際業務Japan's main work visa for white-collar professionals
- Extension of period of stay 在留期間更新The renewal of a foreign resident's permitted period of stay in the same status
- Foreign worker employment notification 外国人雇用状況届出The report every employer must file with Hello Work when a foreign employee joins or leaves
- Highly Skilled Professional visa 高度専門職The points-based visa that fast-tracks senior foreign professionals to permanent residency
- Ikusei shuro 育成就労Employment for Skill Development, the system replacing technical intern training from April 2027
- Intra-company Transferee visa 企業内転勤The work visa for staff moved to Japan from an overseas office of the same group
- J-Find 未来創造人材A two-year visa for recent graduates of top global universities to look for work or start a business in Japan
- JLPT 日本語能力試験The standard test of Japanese for non-native speakers, from N5 to N1
- Permanent residency 永住権The unlimited residence status that frees a foreign resident from visa conditions on work
- Permission for activity outside status 資格外活動許可Permission to do paid work not covered by one's residence status, such as part-time work by students
- Re-entry permit 再入国許可Permission for a foreign resident to leave Japan and return without losing their status
- Residence card 在留カードThe ID card every mid- to long-term foreign resident carries, and every employer must check
- Spouse of a Japanese national visa 日本人の配偶者等The family-based residence status for spouses and children of Japanese nationals, with no work restrictions
- Technical intern training 技能実習The training-visa programme being replaced by ikusei shuro from April 2027
- Tokutei gino 特定技能The Specified Skilled Worker visa for labour-short industries
Pay
- Base-up ベースアップA rise in the whole salary table, separate from the annual step increase
- Bilingual premiumThe extra cost of hiring someone with genuine business English as well as functional skill
- Commuting allowance 通勤手当The allowance almost every Japanese employer pays to cover the commute
- Cost of moveEverything a candidate gives up by leaving, priced before the offer is made
- Defined benefit pension 確定給付企業年金The corporate defined benefit plan, where the employer promises the benefit
- Defined contribution pension 企業型確定拠出年金The corporate defined contribution plan, Japan's equivalent of a 401(k)
- Employee stock ownership plan 従業員持株会An employee shareholding association that buys the employer's shares from monthly payroll deductions
- Family allowance 家族手当A monthly allowance for a dependent spouse and children
- Fixed overtime pay 固定残業代A fixed monthly sum paid in advance for a set number of overtime hours
- Gakumen 額面Gross pay, the face value before any deductions
- Housing allowance 住宅手当A cash allowance toward rent or a mortgage, paid on top of salary
- iDeCo 個人型確定拠出年金Japan's individual defined contribution pension, with fully deductible contributions
- Kihonkyu 基本給Base salary, the monthly figure most other pay is calculated from
- Minimum wage 最低賃金Japan's hourly wage floor, set separately for each prefecture
- Nenko joretsu 年功序列Seniority-based pay and promotion
- Nenshu 年収Annual total cash pay, including bonus
- Payslip 給与明細The monthly pay statement showing earnings, deductions and hours
- Position allowance 役職手当A monthly allowance paid for holding a supervisory or managerial post
- RSUs in Japan 譲渡制限付株式ユニットRestricted stock units, taxed in Japan as employment income when they vest
- Shataku 社宅Company housing, owned or leased by the employer and let to the employee
- Shokumukyu 職務給Job-based pay, set by the content and size of the role
- Shokuno shikaku seido 職能資格制度The ability-based grading system behind traditional Japanese pay
- Shokunokyu 職能給Ability-based pay, tied to a person's grade rather than the job they do
- Shoyo 賞与The summer and winter bonus, usually expressed in months of salary
- Shunto 春闘The spring wage offensive, Japan's annual round of pay negotiations
- Stock options in Japan ストックオプションRights to buy shares at a fixed price, taxed differently depending on whether they qualify
- Taishokukin 退職金The lump-sum retirement allowance, set by company rules rather than law
- Teate 手当Allowances paid on top of base salary for housing, family, position and more
- Tedori 手取りTake-home pay, what remains after tax and social insurance
- Teiki shokyu 定期昇給The automatic annual step increase built into Japanese salary tables
Tax and social insurance
- Child and childrearing support levy 子ども・子育て支援金A new levy collected with health insurance from April 2026 to fund child policies
- Dependants for tax and insurance 扶養Dependant status, which brings a tax deduction and free health insurance cover for family members
- Furusato nozei ふるさと納税Hometown tax donations, which redirect part of local tax to any municipality in return for gifts
- Gensen choshu 源泉徴収Withholding of income tax at source, mainly by employers from pay
- Income tax 所得税Japan's national income tax, progressive from 5% to 45%
- Income walls 年収の壁Earnings thresholds at which a part-timer starts paying tax or social insurance, or loses dependant status
- Juminzei 住民税Local inhabitant tax, charged on last year's income
- Kakutei shinkoku 確定申告The annual personal income tax return, filed between mid-February and 15 March
- Kenko hoken 健康保険Employer-based health insurance, run by the national association or a company society
- Kosei nenkin 厚生年金Employees' pension insurance, the earnings-related layer of the Japanese state pension
- Koyo hoken 雇用保険Employment insurance, which pays unemployment, childcare-leave and training benefits
- Long-term care insurance 介護保険Compulsory insurance funding elderly care, paid by everyone from age 40
- My Number マイナンバーJapan's 12-digit personal number for tax and social security, which employers must collect
- National Health Insurance 国民健康保険The municipal health insurance for the self-employed, the unemployed and anyone outside employer cover
- National Pension 国民年金The flat-rate base layer of the Japanese state pension, covering every resident aged 20 to 59
- Nenmatsu chosei 年末調整The year-end adjustment that settles an employee's income tax through payroll
- Pension lump-sum withdrawal 脱退一時金The partial refund of Japanese pension contributions for foreign nationals who leave Japan
- Rishokuhyo 離職票The separation notice an ex-employee needs to claim unemployment benefit
- Rosai hoken 労災保険Workers' accident compensation insurance, paid for entirely by the employer
- Santei kiso 算定基礎The annual July filing that resets each employee's social insurance grade from April to June pay
- Shakai hoken 社会保険Japan's compulsory social insurance: health, pension, employment and work injury
- Standard monthly remuneration 標準報酬月額The banded monthly pay figure on which health and pension contributions are charged
- Totalisation agreements 社会保障協定Treaties that stop double social security contributions for staff working across borders
- Unemployment benefit 失業給付The basic allowance paid by employment insurance to people looking for work after leaving a job
- Withholding slip 源泉徴収票The annual statement of pay and tax withheld, Japan's standard proof of income
Working time and leave
- 36 Agreement 36協定The agreement that makes overtime legal in Japan
- Annual health check 健康診断The medical examination employers must provide on hiring and every year after
- Annual paid leave 年次有給休暇The statutory paid holiday entitlement, rising from 10 to 20 days a year
- Caregiver leave 介護休業Statutory leave to care for a family member who needs long-term care
- Childcare leave 育児休業Statutory leave for parents of young children, open to mothers and fathers
- Deemed working hours 事業場外みなし労働時間制A rule that deems a set number of hours worked when staff work away from the office and their hours are hard to calculate
- Discretionary work system 裁量労働制A system that deems a fixed number of hours worked, regardless of actual hours, for specified jobs
- Flextime フレックスタイム制A legal working-hours system that lets employees set their own start and finish times
- Golden Week ゴールデンウィークThe cluster of national holidays from late April to early May, when much of Japan stops
- Highly Professional System 高度プロフェッショナル制度A working-hours exemption for highly paid specialists, not to be confused with the Highly Skilled Professional visa
- Industrial physician 産業医The occupational doctor every workplace with 50 or more workers must appoint
- Kanri kantokusha 管理監督者A manager in a genuine supervisory position, exempt from Japan's working-hours rules
- Karoshi 過労死Death from overwork, a recognised category of work injury
- Kyushoku 休職A company leave of absence, usually for illness, that is not required by law but is set in the work rules
- Maternity leave 産前産後休業Statutory leave before and after childbirth, separate from childcare leave
- Menstrual leave 生理休暇A statutory right for women to take leave when menstruation makes work especially difficult
- Obon お盆The mid-August period for honouring ancestors, when many companies close although it is not a national holiday
- Overtime premium 割増賃金The statutory premiums for overtime, holiday and late-night work
- Public holidays 国民の祝日Japan's 16 national holidays, which employers are not legally required to give as days off
- Rest breaks 休憩The statutory break during the working day: 45 minutes after six hours, an hour after eight
- Service zangyo サービス残業Unpaid overtime, worked off the clock and illegal
- Shorter working hours 短時間勤務The statutory right of parents of young children, and of caregivers, to work a shorter day, usually six hours
- Sick child care leave 子の看護等休暇Statutory leave of five days a year to look after a sick child, extended in April 2025 to children up to the end of the third year of primary school
- Special leave 特別休暇Company-granted leave beyond the statutory entitlements, such as bereavement, marriage or summer leave
- Statutory days off 法定休日The one day off a week, or four in four weeks, that the law requires
- Statutory working hours 法定労働時間The legal maximum of 40 hours a week and eight hours a day, beyond which work is overtime
- Stress check ストレスチェックThe annual mental-health questionnaire employers must offer, whose results belong to the employee
- Substitute day off 振替休日・代休Two ways of swapping a day off for a working day, with very different pay consequences
- Telework テレワークWorking from home or away from the office, governed by ordinary labour law plus ministry guidelines
- Variable working hours system 変形労働時間制A system that averages working hours over a month or a year instead of counting each day and week
- Work interval system 勤務間インターバルA minimum rest period between the end of one working day and the start of the next
- Work Style Reform 働き方改革The 2018 legislative package that capped overtime and introduced equal pay for non-regular staff
- Year-end holidays 年末年始The break from about 29 December to 3 January, Japan's main holiday of the year
Employment law
- Abuse of the right to dismiss 解雇権濫用The doctrine that makes dismissal in Japan so hard
- Change of duties 配置転換The employer's power to reassign an employee's job or workplace within the company
- Collective agreement 労働協約A written agreement between an employer and a union, which overrides work rules and individual contracts
- Customer harassment カスハラAbusive conduct by customers or clients towards employees, which employers must now prevent
- Disability employment quota 障害者雇用率The statutory share of the workforce that private employers must fill with people with disabilities
- Disadvantageous change of terms 不利益変更Worsening employees' terms, possible only by consent or by a reasonable change to the work rules
- Disciplinary action 懲戒処分The graded sanctions an employer may impose for misconduct, only if the work rules provide for them
- Disciplinary dismissal 懲戒解雇Dismissal as the most severe disciplinary sanction, usually without notice and with retirement pay forfeited
- Duty of care for safety 安全配慮義務The employer's contractual duty to protect employees' life and health, including from overwork
- Employee inventions 職務発明Inventions made by employees in the course of their work, and who owns and pays for them
- Employee representative 過半数代表者The elected representative who signs statutory labour-management agreements where there is no majority union
- Enterprise union 企業別組合A union organised within a single company, the dominant form of union in Japan
- Equal Employment Opportunity Act 男女雇用機会均等法The 1985 law against sex discrimination in employment, strengthened in 1997 and 2006
- Equal pay for equal work 同一労働同一賃金The rule against unreasonable pay differences between regular and non-regular employees
- Godo roso 合同労組A community union that individual employees of any company can join
- Labour Contract Act 労働契約法The 2007 statute that codified Japan's case law on dismissal, transfer and changes to terms
- Labour Relations Commission 労働委員会The tripartite body that rules on unfair labour practices and mediates union disputes
- Labour Standards Act 労働基準法The 1947 statute that sets Japan's minimum working conditions, enforced by inspectors with criminal powers
- Labour Standards Inspection Office 労働基準監督署The local authority that enforces Japan's labour standards
- Labour tribunal 労働審判A fast-track court procedure for individual employment disputes, usually ending in settlement
- Labour-management agreement 労使協定A statutory written agreement with the workplace majority that lifts a specific legal prohibition
- Maternity harassment マタハラPenalising or harassing employees over pregnancy, childbirth or parental leave
- Non-compete obligations 競業避止義務Restrictions on working for a competitor, which Japanese courts enforce only narrowly after employment ends
- Non-renewal of fixed-term contracts 雇止めEnding a fixed-term contract by not renewing it, which Article 19 of the Labour Contract Act restricts
- Notice of dismissal 解雇予告The statutory 30 days' notice, or pay in lieu, that an employer must give before dismissing
- Part-time and Fixed-term Employment Act パートタイム・有期雇用労働法The statute that governs pay and treatment for part-time and fixed-term employees
- Personal information and employee data 個人情報保護法How Japan's data protection law applies to HR records, health data and transfers to head office
- Power harassment パワハラWorkplace bullying by someone with power over the victim, which employers must legally prevent
- Prefectural labour bureau 都道府県労働局The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's office in each prefecture, which oversees inspection offices and Hello Work and mediates individual disputes
- Redundancy dismissal 整理解雇Dismissal for business reasons, judged by courts on four factors
- Settlement payment 解決金The lump sum an employer pays to settle an employment dispute, usually in exchange for the employee leaving
- Sexual harassment セクハラSexual conduct at work that employers must take measures to prevent under the Equal Employment Opportunity Act
- Taishoku kansho 退職勧奨Encouraging an employee to resign, lawful until it becomes coercion
- Trade secrets 営業秘密Confidential business information protected by the Unfair Competition Prevention Act
- Trade Union Act 労働組合法The statute that protects union organising and bargaining, and defines unfair labour practices
- Unfair labour practice 不当労働行為Employer conduct against unions that Article 7 of the Trade Union Act prohibits
- Whistleblower Protection Act 公益通報者保護法The law protecting employees who report wrongdoing, with criminal penalties for retaliation from December 2026
- Women's Advancement Act 女性活躍推進法The law requiring employers to set targets for women's careers and publish data, including the gender pay gap
- Work rules 就業規則The rulebook every Japanese workplace with ten or more employees must file
- Worker Dispatch Act 労働者派遣法The statute that licenses staffing agencies and sets the rules for agency work
Careers and exits
- Company reasons and personal reasons 会社都合・自己都合The classification of a departure as the employer's doing or the employee's, which changes benefits and allowances
- CounterofferAn employer's improved offer to keep someone who is resigning
- Demodori 出戻りReturning to a former employer; a boomerang hire
- Gaijin ceilingThe informal limit on how far non-Japanese professionals rise in Japanese organisations
- Hikitsugi 引継ぎThe handover of work, clients and knowledge that a departing employee is expected to complete
- Internal free agent system 社内FA制度A scheme that lets qualifying employees declare themselves available and receive offers from other departments
- Internal job posting 社内公募A system where departments advertise roles internally and employees apply to move
- Jinji hyoka 人事評価The personnel evaluation system that drives pay rises, bonuses and promotion at Japanese companies
- Job rotation ジョブローテーションThe practice of moving employees through different functions every few years to build generalists
- Komon 顧問An adviser, often a former senior executive
- Madogiwa zoku 窓際族The window-seat tribe: older employees kept on the payroll but given little real work
- Management by objectives 目標管理制度The goal-setting system most Japanese companies use to set and assess individual targets
- Mandatory retirement age 定年The company retirement age, which must be at least 60
- Oidashi-beya 追い出し部屋A banishment room, where unwanted employees are parked to push them to resign
- Outplacement 再就職支援Paid support from a specialist firm to help a departing employee find a new job
- Playing manager プレイングマネージャーA manager who carries an individual workload alongside managing a team, the norm for Japanese section chiefs
- Re-employment after retirement 再雇用Hiring people back after the retirement age, usually on lower pay
- Return to work 復職Coming back from a leave of absence, especially sick leave for mental health, and the employer's duties around it
- Second career セカンドキャリアThe career an employee builds after leaving a main employer or management post in their 50s or 60s
- Shokaku and shoshin 昇格・昇進The two kinds of promotion in a Japanese company: moving up a grade, and moving up a post
- Shukko 出向Secondment to another company, usually in the same group
- Shushin koyo 終身雇用Lifetime employment
- Taishoku daiko 退職代行Resignation agency services that quit on the employee's behalf
- Taishoku negai and taishoku todoke 退職願・退職届The resignation request that can be withdrawn, and the resignation notice that cannot
- Tanshin funin 単身赴任Taking a transfer alone and leaving the family at home
- Teiki ido 定期異動The regular, company-wide personnel rotation, usually in April
- Tenkin 転勤A company-ordered transfer to another location, often requiring a move of home
- Using up paid leave before leaving 有給消化Taking all remaining annual paid leave at the end of employment, which can add weeks to a notice period
- Voluntary early retirement 希望退職Restructuring by inviting people to leave, with enhanced severance
- Yakushoku teinen 役職定年Mandatory removal from a management post at a set age, usually around 55
Disclosure
- Basic Survey on Wage Structure 賃金構造基本統計調査The government's annual survey of pay by industry, occupation, age, tenure and company size
- EDINETThe Financial Services Agency's free online database of corporate filings
- Eruboshi certification えるぼしThe government certification for employers that advance women at work
- Female manager ratio 女性管理職比率The share of managers who are women, now a mandatory disclosure for mid-sized employers
- Gender pay gap disclosure 男女間賃金格差The legal duty to publish the gap between women's and men's average pay
- General employer action plan 一般事業主行動計画The plan employers with 101 or more staff must file on women's advancement and on supporting working parents
- Human capital disclosure 人的資本開示The workforce data Japanese listed companies must publish
- Kenko keiei 健康経営Health and productivity management, backed by a government certification scheme
- Kurumin certification くるみんThe government certification for employers that support staff raising children
- Labour Force Survey 労働力調査The monthly government household survey behind Japan's unemployment rate
- Prime Market プライム市場The Tokyo Stock Exchange's top market segment, with the strictest governance and disclosure rules
- Yuho 有価証券報告書The annual securities report every listed Japanese company files
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